Survey participants are historians or professional observers of the presidency.                              

Ackerman, Ken	Felzenberg, Alvin	Maier, Pauline
Algor, Catherine	Ferguson, Andrew	Maranto, Robert
Allen, William	Fleming, Thomas	Marszelek, John
Anderson, Annelise	Frazier, Michael	McPherson, James
Anthony, Carl Sferrazza	Gawalt, Gerard	Medford, Edna
Arnold, Perry	Goodrich, Debra	Oates, Stephen
Baker, Dick	Gordon-Reed, Annette	Persico, Joseph
Baker, Jean	Gormley, Ken	Pika, Joe
Berns, Walter	Greenberg, David	Pious, Richard
Brands, H.W.	Greene, J. Robert	Randall, Willard Sterne
Brinkley, Alan	Greenstein, Fred	Reily, Russell
Brinkley, Doug	Guelzo, Allen	Renshon, Stanley
Brown, Lara	Hayward, Steven	Ritchie, Don
Burton, Vernon	Helco, Hugh	Rockman, Bert
Calhoun, Charles	Henriques, Peter	Sabato, Larry
Cannon, James	Hess, Stephen	Sheldon, Garrett
Cannon, Lou	Holzer, Harold	Simpson, Brooks
Cooper, John Milton	Kauffman, Robert	Smith, Richard Norton
Crapol, Edward	Kengor, Paul K	Stuckey, Mary
Cronin, Thomas	Knott, Stephen	Warshaw, Shirley Anne
Dallek, Robert	MacDougall, Walter
Dallek, Susan	Madonna, G. Terry