Additional Resources

• Bell Ringer: Nome Cult Trail

  Professor Jesse Dizard told the story behind the Nome Cult Trail. In 1863, 461 Native Americans from several tribes across Northern California were rounded up and forced to march over 100 miles from Chico to the California coast.

• Bell Ringer: Frontier Life and Culture in the American West

  Thomas J. Ebert talked about the American Frontier Book Collection at Fresno State University. Mr. Ebert has donated more than 20,000 books on American frontier life to the university’s Henry Madden Library. Topics range from the first settlements in Santa Fe and Jamestown to the history of California. Mr. Ebert talked about several topics covered in the collection, including African Americans in the West, and the struggle for Native Americans to retain their culture.

• Lesson Plan: Black Elk and the Battle of Little Big Horn

  In this lesson students will examine the Battle of Little Big Horn and learn about its impact on Native Americans and the United States through the literature of Black Elk and interviews with his great-granddaughter as well as authors and a professor.

• Video Clip: Native Americans and Common Stereotypes

  Michael Hammond, executive director of the Agua Caliente Cultural Museum, talked about the impact of American pop culture on how Native Americans are viewed.

• Bell Ringer: Moundville Archaeological Park

  Betsy Irwin talked about the Moundville Archaeological Park, one of the largest Middle Mississippian culture sites in America. She explained the origins and significance of the mounds and how clans of Native American tribes lived at this site from about 1000-1450 A.D.

• Bell Ringer: Society of American Indians Conference

  Anthropology Professor Larry Nesper talked about the Society of American Indians Conference. The group of Native American leaders from around the country met in October of 1914 on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus to discuss the issues important to Native Americans at the time including land and treaty rights.

• Bell Ringer: American Indian Artifacts

  Matt Reed presents a Native American bison skin teepee. 

• Bell Ringer: The New World: Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan, the Algonquian Indians, and Jamestown

  Jim Barber, National Portrait gallery historian and curator, examined one of the museum's oil paintings titled, "Pocahontas." The image is of the Native American woman who married an Englishman named John Rolfe in the early 1600s. Mr. Barber also provides a brief overview of the early 17th century landing of English settlers in Jamestown, VA.