Survey Participants
- Carl Abrams
Bob Jones University - Kenneth Ackerman
Lawyer and Historian - Carol Anderson
Emory University - Terry H. Anderson
Texas A&M University - Lee Annis
Montgomery College - Nicole Anslover
Indiana University Northwest - Carl Sferrazza Anthony
First Ladies Library - Thomas Balcerski
Eastern Connecticut State University - Mary Jo Binker
The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers - Brad Birzer
Hillsdale College - Aniko Bodroghkozy
University of Virginia - Walter R. Borneman
Lawyer and Historian - Wesley Borucki
Palm Beach Atlantic University - Betty Boyd Caroli
Historian and Biographer - Paul Brandus
Author - Steven Breezeel
Harding University - Mary Brennan
Texas State University - Amanda Brickell Bellows
The New School - Douglas Brinkley
Rice University - Vernon Burton
Clemson University - Charles Calhoun
East Carolina University - Lou Cannon
Journalist and Biographer - Mark Cheathem
Cumberland University - Lindsay Chervinsky
Iona College - Merlin Chowkwanyun
Columbia University - Kendrick Clements
University of South Carolina - Catherine Clinton
The University of Texas at San Antonio - Elizabeth Cobbs
Texas A&M - Alexis Coe
Historian and Author - Stacy Cordery
Iowa State University - Matthew Costello
White House Historical Association - Marcus Cox
Xavier University of Louisiana - Kathryn Cramer Brownell
Purdue University - Spencer Crew
George Mason University - Robert Dallek
Historian and Biographer - David Dalton
College of the Ozarks - Michael Davis
Hampton University - Jason R. Edwards
Grove City College - Laura Edwards
Princeton University - Lee Edwards
The Heritage Foundation - Reginald Ellis
Florida A&M University - Katherine Ellison
Saginaw Valley State University - Jeffrey Engel
SMU Center for Presidential History - David Farber
The University of Kansas - Michael Fauntroy
George Mason University - Craig Fehrman
Journalist and Historian - Alvin Felzenberg
Historian and Author - Christian Finnigan
Colorado Christian University
- Ellen Fitzpatrick
University of New Hampshire - Irwin Gellman
Historian and Author - Robert P. George
Princeton University - Michael Gerhardt
UNC School of Law - Lorri Glover
Saint Louis University - Debra Goodrich
Historian and Author - Ken Gormley
Duquesne University - Amy S. Greenberg
Pennsylvania State University - David Greenberg
Rutgers University - J. Robert Greene
Cazenovia College - Kevin Grimm
Regent University - Allen Guelzo
Princeton University - Nigel Hamilton
University of Massachusetts Boston - Peter Henriques
George Mason University - Michael Hiltzik
Los Angeles Times - William Hitchcock
University of Virginia - Joan Hoff
Montana State University - Harold Holzer
Hunter College - Charles Hubbard
Lincoln Memorial University - Matthew Hulbert
Hampden-Sydney College - Maurice Jackson
Georgetown University - Andrew Johns
Brigham Young University - Robert Kaufman
Pepperdine University - Michael Kazin
Georgetown University - Kimberly Kellison
Baylor University - Paul Kengor
Grove City College - David Kennedy
Stanford University - Stephen King
Regent University - Stephen Knott
US Naval War College - Matthew Lassiter
University of Michigan - Alan Lowe
Historian - G. Terry Madonna
Millersville University - Grant Madsen
Brigham Young University - James Mann
Johns Hopkins University - Robert Maranto
University of Arkansas - John Marszalek
Mississippi State University - John Mayfield
Samford University - Edna Medford
Howard University - Robert Merry
Journalist and Author - Jakob A. Miller
Taylor University - Bruce Miroff
SUNY Albany - Lucas E. Morel
Washington and Lee University - Paul Moreno
Hillsdale College - Seymour Morris Jr.
Historian and Author - Timothy Naftali
NYU - Johanna Neuman
American University - Cassandra Newby-Alexander
Norfolk State University
- Luke Nichter
Chapman University - Lee Ohanian
UCLA - Margaret O'Mara
University of Washington - Colleen O'Neill
Utah State University - Jason C. Parker
Texas A&M University - Joe Pika
University of Delaware - Richard Pious
Barnard College - Jack Pitney
Claremont McKenna College - Thomas Pope
Lee University - Paul Rahe
Hillsdale College - Willard Sterne Randall
Champlain College - William Reddinger
Regent University - Stanley Renshon
CUNY Graduate Center - LeeAnn Reynolds
Samford University - Don Ritchie
Senate Historian - retired - Darlene S. Rivas
Pepperdine University - Bert Rockman
Purdue University - Larry J. Sabato
University of Virginia Center for Politics - Susan Schulten
University of Denver - Daryl Scott
Howard University - Garrett Sheldon
University of Virginia at Wise - Craig Shirley
Historian and Author - Amity Shlaes
Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation - Colleen Shogan
White House Historical Association - Katherine Sibley
Saint Joseph's University - Brooks Simpson
Arizona State University - Manisha Sinha
University of Connecticut - Richard Norton Smith
Historian and Biographer - David Snead
Liberty University - Taylor Stoermer
Johns Hopkins University - Robert Strauss
Historian and Author - Mary Stuckey
Pennsylvania State University - Craig Symonds
US Naval Academy - Thierno Thiam
Tuskegee University - Evan Thomas
Journalist and Author - Tevi Troy
Historian and Author - Mark K. Updegrove
LBJ Foundation - David Vaught
Texas A&M University - Ben Voth
Southern Methodist University - Shirley Warshaw
Gettysburg College - Robert Watson
Lynn University - Joan Waugh
UCLA - Ronald White
The Trinity Forum - Ted Widmer
Macaulay Honors College - Sean Wilentz
Princeton University - Peter Wood
National Association of Scholars - Jean Yarbrough
Bowdoin College
Survey Links
Individual Leadership Characteristics

Resource Links
- Watch the Washington Journal segment announcing the 2021 survey results
- Watch the four survey advisers discuss the 2021 survey on the Washington Journal
- Listen to The Weekly podcast discussing the 2021 survey
- View full results from C-SPAN's 2021 Survey of Presidential Leadership
- View full results from C-SPAN's 2017 Survey of Presidential Leadership
- View full results from C-SPAN's 2009 Survey of Presidential Leadership
- View full results from C-SPAN's 2000 Survey of Presidential Leadership
- Compare category rankings from all four C-SPAN surveys