Irving Kristol Award

Irving Kristol Award Historian Bernard Lewis received the American Enterprise Institute’s Irving Kristol Award for 2007. He delivered the Irving Kristol Lecture at the Institute’s annual dinner on the topic of “Europe and Islam.” Topics included the lessons of history, the end of European influence in the Middle East, al Qaeda, the 14-century struggle between Christianity and Islam, the sequence of events leading up to the September 11 attacks, and Muslim immigrants living in Europe.

Professor Lewis is the author of over twenty books including The Origins of Ismailism (1940), The Arabs in History (1950), The Emergence of Modern Turkey (1961), The Muslim Discovery of Europe (1982), The Political Language of Islam (1988), The Shaping of the Modern Middle East (1994), What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Modern Middle East (2002), and The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror (2003). His essay “The Roots of Muslim Rage,” published in the September 2000 issue of The Atlantic Monthly, has been widely reprinted and discussed. close